{"id":84,"date":"2013-11-20T13:56:05","date_gmt":"2013-11-20T13:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/2013\/11\/20\/hvadh-er-frett-hvadh-er-sanngjoern-frett-hvadh-er-nakvaem-frett\/"},"modified":"2013-11-20T13:56:05","modified_gmt":"2013-11-20T13:56:05","slug":"hvadh-er-frett-hvadh-er-sanngjoern-frett-hvadh-er-nakvaem-frett","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/2013\/11\/20\/hvadh-er-frett-hvadh-er-sanngjoern-frett-hvadh-er-nakvaem-frett\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 er fr\u00e9tt? Hva\u00f0 er sanngj\u00f6rn fr\u00e9tt? Hva\u00f0 er n\u00e1kv\u00e6m fr\u00e9tt?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00f3venjulegt a\u00f0 deilt s\u00e9 \u00e1 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la enda kemur \u00fea\u00f0 reglulega fyrir a\u00f0 vi\u00f0m\u00e6lendur og fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0ur hafa \u00f3l\u00edkan skilning \u00e1 tilteknu m\u00e1li. \u00deetta er ekki undarlegt. \u00dea\u00f0 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hella g\u00f6gnum \u00far einum kolli yfir \u00ed annan.\u00a0<\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

Kastlj\u00f3si\u00f0 hefur fengi\u00f0 \u00e1k\u00farur n\u00fdlega, annars vegar eftir vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 formann KS\u00cd og hinsvegar eftir vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 forstj\u00f3ra \u00cdslenskrar erf\u00f0agreiningar, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 \u00f3l\u00edkum forsendum. Annarsvegar fyrir fullmikla h\u00f6rku og hinsvegar fyrir efnislega umfj\u00f6llun. En megininntaki\u00f0 er samt hi\u00f0 sama: A\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tryggja \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00f3ttakandi skilabo\u00f0a t\u00falki \u00feau eins og sendandi. Hinsvegar er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera \u00fdmislegt til a\u00f0 vernda skilabo\u00f0in og \u00fdta \u00feannig undir betri skilning. Vi\u00f0 f\u00f6rum h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an yfir lei\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 vernda skilabo\u00f0in.<\/p>\n

Hlutverk fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lamannsins \u00e6tti \u00ed flestum tilfellum a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 sama: A\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0m\u00e1laumr\u00e6\u00f0unni \u00ed \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 veita a\u00f0hald og uppl\u00fdsa um \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 m\u00e1lefni sem hafa v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6ka \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu fyrir samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0. Sumir vilja teygja \u00feetta lengra og segja a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar s\u00e9u fj\u00f3r\u00f0a valdi\u00f0, \u00e1 eftir l\u00f6ggjafarvaldinu, framkv\u00e6mdavaldinu og d\u00f3msvaldinu.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta ber a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00ed samhengi vi\u00f0 \u00feann raunveruleika sem fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lk starfar \u00ed. Umfj\u00f6llunarsvi\u00f0 flests fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lks er gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega fj\u00f6lbreytt, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 fjalli um afmarka\u00f0 svi\u00f0 \u2013 til d\u00e6mis vi\u00f0skipti. Af \u00feessu lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar hafa \u00fe\u00e1 tilhneigingu a\u00f0 einfalda um of umfj\u00f6llunarefnin, m\u00e1la \u00feau sem svarthv\u00edt e\u00f0a jafnvel n\u00fdta s\u00e9r erkit\u00fdpur til a\u00f0 kasta lj\u00f3si \u00e1 umfj\u00f6llunarefni\u00f0.\u00a0<\/p>\n

En hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00feetta fyrir vi\u00f0m\u00e6lendur fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la? Hvernig ber a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 svara me\u00f0 sem sk\u00fdrustum h\u00e6tti svo meiningin skili s\u00e9r sem best til \u00e1horfandans?<\/p>\n

Fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lk \u00e1 a\u00f0 hafa \u00ferj\u00fa meginatri\u00f0i \u00ed huga \u00feegar fr\u00e9tt er unnin: Er efni\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttn\u00e6mt? Er hi\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttn\u00e6ma sanngjarnt og er \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e1kv\u00e6mt? Vi\u00f0m\u00e6landinn \u00e6tti hinsvegar einnig a\u00f0 gera s\u00e9r grein fyrir sv\u00f6runum vi\u00f0 \u00feessum spurningum. \u00dea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki alltaf svo a\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttamat fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0ils s\u00e9 \u00f3skeikult.<\/p>\n

T\u00edu g\u00f3\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vernda skilabo\u00f0in \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la<\/h3>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 beita nokkrum \u00feumalputtareglum til a\u00f0 svara fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lki sem best \u2013 vernda skilabo\u00f0in. \u00a0Auk \u00feess er reyndar einnig \u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 forv\u00f6rnin skiptir einnig mj\u00f6g miklu. Me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um \u00fe\u00e1 getur veri\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mi\u00f0la uppl\u00fdsingum me\u00f0 skipul\u00f6g\u00f0um h\u00e6tti til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast e\u00f0a draga \u00far misskilningi. \u00dea\u00f0 eykur l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar hafi raunverulegt erindi \u00feegar \u00feeir hafa samband auk \u00feess a\u00f0 hvetja til a\u00f0 sendandinn \u00a0hafi samband a\u00f0 fyrra brag\u00f0i b\u00fai hann yfir einhverju fr\u00e9ttn\u00e6mu.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lk leitar ekki a\u00f0eins uppi fr\u00e9ttir. Fr\u00e9ttir koma l\u00edka til \u00feess. Ef starfssvi\u00f0 \u00feitt er \u00feess e\u00f0lis a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0i samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 a\u00f0 einhverju leyti er l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 borgi sig fyrir \u00feig a\u00f0 vera \u00ed reglubundnu sambandi vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la. S\u00edminn og t\u00f6lvup\u00f3sturinn eru gagnvirk. Nota\u00f0u \u00feessi t\u00e6ki.\n<\/li>\n
  2. F\u00e1\u00f0u r\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f almannatengils svo \u00fe\u00fa vitir hva\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt og hva\u00f0 ekki. Hann \u00e1 a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa \u00fe\u00e9r a\u00f0 vernda skilabo\u00f0in. Ef almannatengillinn gerir \u00fea\u00f0 ekki, f\u00e1\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1 annan. Mundu a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rn f\u00e6st a\u00f0eins me\u00f0 virkni \u00ed skilabo\u00f0unum og a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6gn er a\u00f0eins r\u00e9tt sem takt\u00edsk skilabo\u00f0.\n<\/li>\n
  3. Reyndu a\u00f0 svara fyrirspurnum fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la hratt og vandlega. Ef svari\u00f0 liggur ekki fyrir er best a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 ver\u00f0i kanna\u00f0 innan \u00e1kve\u00f0ins t\u00edmafrest hafa svo samband aftur.\n<\/li>\n
  4. N\u00e1\u00f0u samkomulagi vi\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttamanninn um efni vi\u00f0talsins og markmi\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt, settu \u00fe\u00e1 reglur af \u00feinni h\u00e1lfu og haf\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r sk\u00fdrar. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 skal gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 allt sem sagt er geti veri\u00f0 haft eftir. Fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lki ber hinsvegar a\u00f0 vir\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar tala \u00e1 \u201eoff the record\u201c og \u00fev\u00ed er skynsamlegt a\u00f0 spyrja fr\u00e9ttamanninn fyrirfram hvort hann vilji heyra eitthva\u00f0 sem ekki m\u00e1 hafa eftir. Sumir kynnu a\u00f0 hafna \u00feessum uppl\u00fdsingum en oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um notar fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0laf\u00f3lk \u00fe\u00e6r til a\u00f0 leita sta\u00f0festingar annarssta\u00f0ar. \u00deetta ber a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga ef uppruni uppl\u00fdsinganna kynni a\u00f0 vera rekjanlegur.\n<\/li>\n
  5. \u00de\u00e1 er einnig h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00f3ska \u00feess a\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0ur noti uppl\u00fdsingarnar en nafngreini ekki heimildarmanninn. Fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0urinn hefur \u00fe\u00e1 eftir \u00f3nafngreindum heimildarmanni a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 gert e\u00f0a sagt. \u00d3sk um \u00feetta \u00fearf a\u00f0 koma fram \u00e1\u00f0ur en uppl\u00fdsingarnar eru gefnar, l\u00edkt og me\u00f0 \u201eoff the record\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er skynsamlegast a\u00f0 ganga \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tilgangur fr\u00e9ttamanns s\u00e9 m\u00e1lefnalegur, nema anna\u00f0 hafi \u00feegar komi\u00f0 fram.\n<\/li>\n
  6. Ekki m\u00f3\u00f0ga e\u00f0a misskilja fr\u00e9ttamanninn. Fr\u00e9ttamenn geta \u00feurft a\u00f0 spyrja spurninga sem g\u00e6tu vi\u00f0 fyrstu s\u00fdn hlj\u00f3ma\u00f0 undarlegar. \u00deeir eru hinsvegar a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 efni\u00f0 og spyrja fyrir h\u00f6nd \u00fe\u00fasunda lesenda og \u00e1horfenda sinna auk \u00feess sem \u00feeir reyna a\u00f0 komast hj\u00e1 eigin ford\u00f3mum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta eigin sko\u00f0anir ekki hafa um of \u00e1hrif \u00e1 spurningar s\u00ednar.\n<\/li>\n
  7. G\u00e6ttu a\u00f0 einl\u00e6gni \u00ed sv\u00f6rum. Ef fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0ur spyr spurningar sem \u00fe\u00fa vilt e\u00f0a getur ekki svara\u00f0 bentu \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1 annan sem veit svari\u00f0 og hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0u \u00feannig til. Ef \u00fe\u00fa getur ekki svara\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdr\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e1 af hverju. Tr\u00faver\u00f0ugleiki ska\u00f0ast r\u00e6kilega ef vi\u00f0m\u00e6landi neitar \u00fev\u00ed sem er auglj\u00f3st.\n<\/li>\n
  8. Gef\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e9r t\u00edma. Ekki l\u00e1ta pressa \u00feig \u00ed har\u00f0so\u00f0in og \u00f3sk\u00fdr sv\u00f6r sem geta valdi\u00f0 misskilningi. \u00dea\u00f0 er miklu erfi\u00f0ara a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta misskilning en a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir hann me\u00f0 vanda\u00f0ri vinnu. \u00deetta er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ein megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess a\u00f0 stefnum\u00f3tandi almannatengsl eru n\u00fdtt til a\u00f0 spara fj\u00e1rmagn. Ef sv\u00f6rin liggja ekki \u00e1 lausu, f\u00e1\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e1 sm\u00e1 t\u00edma til a\u00f0 taka saman sv\u00f6rin og haf\u00f0u svo samband aftur \u00e1 tilteknum t\u00edma.\n<\/li>\n
  9. Ekki bi\u00f0ja um a\u00f0 f\u00e1 vi\u00f0tali\u00f0 sent til yfirlestrar. \u00dea\u00f0 er si\u00f0fer\u00f0islega \u00f3e\u00f0lileg krafa \u00fear sem fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0urinn m\u00e1 ekki l\u00e1ta undan tilbur\u00f0um til ritsko\u00f0unar auk \u00feess sem \u00fea\u00f0 kemur fyrir a\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttir innihalda uppl\u00fdsingar fr\u00e1 fleiri a\u00f0ilum sem geta veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mar \u00e1 \u00feessu stigi m\u00e1lsins. E\u00f0lilegast er a\u00f0 vinna s\u00edna eigin vinnu vel og leyfa svo bla\u00f0amanninum a\u00f0 vinna s\u00edna. Ef eigin vinna er g\u00f3\u00f0 er einnig au\u00f0veldara a\u00f0 eiga vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0ilinn ef fari\u00f0 er rangt me\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er hinsvegar \u00ed lagi a\u00f0 \u00f3ska eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tilvitnanir s\u00e9u lesnar yfir \u00ed s\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 er hagur beggja a\u00f0 r\u00e9tt s\u00e9 haft eftir.\n<\/li>\n
  10. Fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0ur vinnur stundum me\u00f0 efni\u00f0 \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0u samhengi. \u00dea\u00f0 getur \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 erfitt fyrir vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa a\u00f0 vita \u00ed hva\u00f0a samhengi sv\u00f6r hans ver\u00f0a notu\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 samhengi getur haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 hvernig sv\u00f6r eru t\u00falku\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er skynsamlegra a\u00f0 spyrja \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed hva\u00f0a samhengi s\u00e9 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna fr\u00e9ttina en a\u00f0 segja eftir \u00e1 a\u00f0 rangt hafi veri\u00f0 eftir manni haft. Ef ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 anna\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 yfirleitt einfaldlega a\u00f0 vi\u00f0m\u00e6landinn s\u00e9r eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa sagt \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann sag\u00f0i.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u00f3venjulegt a\u00f0 deilt s\u00e9 \u00e1 fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la enda kemur \u00fea\u00f0 reglulega fyrir a\u00f0 vi\u00f0m\u00e6lendur og fr\u00e9ttama\u00f0ur hafa \u00f3l\u00edkan skilning \u00e1 tilteknu m\u00e1li. \u00deetta er ekki undarlegt. \u00dea\u00f0 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hella g\u00f6gnum \u00far einum kolli yfir \u00ed annan.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workspace.cohnwolfe.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}